2025 December Articles

Articles - November 2025 - Weekly Features

November 5, 2025 - 1631: When Caragans Wiped Out Spanish Power at Fort San Jose

Detailing the Caragan rebellion that led to the complete overrun and destruction of the formidable Fort of San Jose in Tandag, an event Spanish historians called "one of the darkest pages in the history of the province of Caraga".

November 12, 2025 - The Sandugo of Mangabo: A Ritual Oath Between Warrior and Friar

Examining the bizarre oath-taking ritual (Sandugo) performed by Chief Mangabo, the "crocodile of Tago," who swore inviolate friendship to Fr. Lorenzo by mixing his own drawn blood with wine and drinking it.

November 19, 2025 - ‘Infernal Idea’: The Forced Relocation of the Butuan-Agusan Natives

An account of the government-ordered movement known as the "Reunion of Cabadbaran," which compelled inhabitants from inland areas like Talacogon and Bunawan to relocate to the coast, an act denounced by some missionaries who noted that the native population had proprietary rights to the lands where they lived.

November 26, 2025 - Beachheads of Change: The Dual Reality of the Spanish Reducciones

Discussing the Spanish strategy of creating reducciones (Christianized settlements) along the coast to gather natives "under the church bells", contrasting the settled Christians with the Cimarrones (wild people), such as the Mamanwa, who resisted colonization and fled to tree houses.

Interact with the book through Artificial Intelligence (AI): Visit the customized GPT by Open AI HERE and the Book Section of the Surigao Historical Society HERE

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